The causes of collapse of reinforced concrete multistoried structures during the construction phase; a case of Kampala

Abstract

Despite the efforts put in to improve standards of construction within Kampala, this has not fully yielded positive results since the problem of collapsing reinforced concrete structures during the construction phase has continued to persist. Therefore, this study set out to explore the causes of failure and collapse of reinforced concrete multi-storeyed structures during the construction phase in Kampala. The study was guided with three objectives, which were; to explore the contractor, consultant/ supervisor, client/ owner related causes as well as the other external causes of failure and collapse of reinforced concrete multi-storeyed structures during construction phase in Kampala; to establish possible remedies and interventions to mitigate the causes of failure and collapse of reinforced concrete multi-storeyed structures during construction phase, and to explore how the owners cope up with the loss arising from the collapse of the buildings under construction. The study used qualitative research approach focusing on respondents with vast knowledge and experience in construction, as well as building owners whose buildings have collapsed at the construction stage in the last 10 years. The information was obtained using key informant interviews. The field data collection was concluded following the saturation principle in qualitative analysis. ATLAS-ti Qualitative software was used in the analysis of the data. After transcribing and coding the data, network schematic diagrams were developed. Findings from the research revealed that unqualified staff, use of untested site construction materials, inadequate supervision, weak geotechnical properties of the bearing soils, cash flow constraints, poor workmanship, corruption, rejection of professional advice as well as force majeure occurrences cause collapse of construction structures during the construction phase. The suggested remedies and interventions to mitigate these causes of building collapse included; training of site staff, site material storage and testing, engaging professionals with standard supervision rates and carrying out geotechnical tests. The study also found that investigation reports after the building collapses are seldom concluded and very few are published for reference. From the research findings, the experiences shared provide avenues for individual recollections and coping to minimize the impact of the negative setbacks after collapse. These include conducting fund raising drives, undertaking distracting activities, confiding in trusted friends, showing empathy and support the bereaved families, undertaking professional counseling, and allowing time to heal.