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dc.contributor.authorKirunda, H.
dc.contributor.authorErima, Bernard
dc.contributor.authorByarugaba, D. K.
dc.contributor.authorByaruhanga, Achilles
dc.contributor.authorWabwire-Mangen, Fred
dc.date.accessioned2015-06-22T06:38:17Z
dc.date.available2015-06-22T06:38:17Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.citationKirunda, H. et al. (2014). Prevalence of Influenza A viruses in livestock and free-living waterfowl in Uganda. BMC Veterinary Research, 10(50).en_US
dc.identifier.issn1746-6148
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/10/50
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10570/4463
dc.description.abstractBackground: Avian influenza viruses may cause severe disease in a variety of domestic animal species worldwide, with high mortality in chickens and turkeys. To reduce the information gap about prevalence of these viruses in animals in Uganda, this study was undertaken. Results: Influenza A virus prevalence by RT-PCR was 1.1% (45/4,052) while seroprevalence by ELISA was 0.8% (24/2,970). Virus prevalence was highest in domestic ducks (2.7%, 17/629) and turkeys (2.6%, 2/76), followed by free-living waterfowl (1.3%, 12/929) and swine (1.4%, 7/511). A lower proportion of chicken samples (0.4%, 7/1,865) tested positive. No influenza A virus was isolated. A seasonal prevalence of these viruses in waterfowl was 0.7% (4/561) for the dry and 2.2% (8/368) for the wet season. In poultry, prevalence was 0.2% (2/863) for the dry and 1.4% (24/1,713) for the wet season, while that of swine was 0.0% (0/159) and 2.0% (7/352) in the two seasons, respectively. Of the 45 RT-PCR positive samples, 13 (28.9%) of them were H5 but none was H7. The 19 swine sera positive for influenza antibodies by ELISA were positive for H1 antibodies by HAI assay, but the subtype(s) of ELISA positive poultry sera could not be determined. Antibodies in the poultry sera could have been those against subtypes not included in the HAI test panel. Conclusions: The study has demonstrated occurrence of influenza A viruses in animals in Uganda. The results suggest that increase in volumes of migratory waterfowl in the country could be associated with increased prevalence of these viruses in free-living waterfowl and poultry.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUS Department of Defense’s Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS); U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Health; Department of Health and Human Services; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charitiesen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_US
dc.subjectInfluenza A virusesen_US
dc.subjectPoultryen_US
dc.subjectPigsen_US
dc.subjectH1N1 virusen_US
dc.subjectWaterfowlen_US
dc.titlePrevalence of Influenza A viruses in livestock and free-living waterfowl in Uganda.en_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US


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