Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV attending selected public health facilities in Kaliro District

Abstract

Introduction: Despite significant efforts to combat HIV-related stigma through public health campaigns, community sensitization programs, and the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy, stigma remains a persistent challenge among women living with HIV. Objectives: This study determined the prevalence of HIV-related stigma as well as the associated socioeconomic, HIV-related, and health system factors among pregnant women living with HIV attending selected public health facilities in Kaliro District, Uganda. Methods: This study was cross-sectional, conducted among 214 randomly selected pregnant women living with HIV at selected public health facilities (Namugongo, Nawaikoke, and Bumanya Health Centres). Data was collected between April 2025 and May 2025, through the researcher-administered questionnaire method, while analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Results: The study found the prevalence of HIV-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV attending selected public health facilities in Kaliro District, Uganda, to be 15.9% (95% CI = 12.8% -19.0%). The significant factors included socioeconomic factors such as low educational level [PR: 1.094(95% CI: 1.049-2.044); P-value: 0.001] and peri-urban residence [PR: 1.034(95% CI: 1.014 - 1.054); P-value: <0.002], and health system factors, namely lack of privacy at health facilities [PR = 1.960(95% CI: 1.258-4.893); p = 0.048]. Conclusion: The study found a relatively high prevalence of HIV-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV attending selected public health facilities in Kaliro District, and this was due partly to some socio-economic factors as well as health system-related factors Recommendation: The district should strengthen stigma-reduction interventions by focusing on improving privacy in health facilities and supporting women at higher risk of HIV-related stigma, to enhance ANC attendance and PMTCT service uptake.