Experiences of having a baby for first-time parents living with HIV/AIDs: A qualitative study at selected health facilities in Kampala and Wakiso Districts

Abstract

Background: Decision-making, planning, pregnancy and transitioning to parenthood may pause different and unique experiences for first–time parents; yet research on these perspectives among HIV parents has been limited. This study aimed to explore the experiences of having a baby for first-time parents living with HIV across selected health facilities in Kampala and Wakiso districts. Methods: A qualitative, explorative, and phenomenological research design was adopted to conduct one-on-one interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Purposive sampling aided the selection of 11 HIV-positive first-time parents and 8 Key informant Interviews across four healthcare facilities in Kampala and Wakiso districts. Data was analyzed thematically using both inductive coding approach Results: Several common themes and sub-themes emerged from the different research questions; Under pregnancy, themes like diagnosis following unplanned pregnancy, emotional and psychological experiences, stigma and Disclosure and Health care quality and access were predominant. Delivery experiences included, themes like fear of birth experience, Role of social support and health systems were predominant. Under the transition to parenthood, themes like the Joys of Parenthood, a Sense of Responsibility and coping strategies used by HIV first time parents. While the mothers were directly involved in the pregnancy journey, fathers faced unique challenges such as providing for both mother and baby, anxiety due to mother and baby's health, and risk of HIV transmission to partners. Conclusion: First-time parents living with HIV face HIV-related challenges that complicate pregnancy, delivery and transition to parenthood experiences. To improve their experiences and ensure their health, comprehensive healthcare, psychosocial support, anti-stigma measures, and tailored interventions are crucial for navigating parenthood and HIV.