Browsing Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) by Type
Now showing items 1-20 of 30
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Barriers and facilitators to chemotherapy initiation and adherence for patients with HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in Kenya: A qualitative study
(BMC, 2022)Background: Kaposi sarcoma is one of the most prevalent HIV‑associated malignancies in sub‑Saharan Africa and is often diagnosed at advanced stage of disease. Only 50% of KS patients who qualify for chemotherapy receive ... -
Cellular immune activation in cerebrospinal fluid from Ugandans with cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
(Oxford University Press, 2015)Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is characterized by high fungal burden and limited leukocyte trafficking to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The immunopathogenesis of CMimmune ... -
Correlation between co-therapy of efavirenz-based ART and pregnancy among HIV-positive women on hormonal contraceptive implants at TASO Tororo-Uganda: A retrospective review
(2018)Background: We examined the association between EFV and non-EFV based ART regimens and pregnancy outcomes among women who were on HCI in a peri-urban HIV clinic in Tororo, Uganda. Methods: We reviewed and extracted routinely ... -
Cryptococcal disease in the era of “test and treat”: Is there cause for concern?
(Oxford University Press, 2017)Treatment of cryptococcosis requires deferred initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Early ART initiation may be detrimental in the context of cryptococcal infection by increasing the risk of immune reconstitution ... -
Delayed sputum culture conversion in tuberculosis human immunodeficiency virus–coinfected patients with low isoniazid and rifampicin concentrations
(Oxford Academic, 2018)Background. The relationship between concentrations of antituberculosis drugs, sputum culture conversion, and treatment outcome remains unclear. We sought to determine the association between antituberculosis drug ... -
Depressive and anxiety symptoms predict sustained quality of life deficits in HIV-positive Ugandan adults despite antiretroviral therapy
(Lippincott, 2016)The impact of psychosocial status at onset of antiretroviral therapy on changes in quality of life (QOL) and subjectively rated health (SRH) among adults on ART in resource-limited settings is poorly understood. Therefore, ... -
Effects of HIV infection and ART on phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cells
(BioMed Central, 2018)HIV infection causes upregulation of markers of inflammation, immune activation and apoptosis of host adaptive, and innate immune cells particularly monocytes, natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Although ... -
Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with lamivudine plus either zidovudine or tenofovir for second-line treatment of HIV infection (NADIA): week 96 results from a prospective, multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, non-inferiority trial
(Elsevier, 2022-04-20)Background WHO guidelines recommend dolutegravir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) for second-line HIV therapy, with NRTI switching from first-line tenofovir to zidovudine. We aimed to ... -
Estimation of mortality among HIV-infected people on antiretroviral therapy treatment in East Africa: a sampling based approach in an observational, multisite, cohort study
(Elsevier, 2015)Background—Mortality after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV-infected patients in resource limited settings is a critical measure of the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of the global public ... -
Evaluation of four chemotherapy regimens for treatment of advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi Sarcoma in Kenya: A cost-effectiveness analysis
(Elsevier, 2022)Background The most effective treatment for advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma is paclitaxel or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD); neither is routinely used in sub-Saharan Africa due to limited availability and ... -
Feasibility of conducting a pilot randomized control trial of a psycho-education intervention in patients with a first episode psychosis in Uganda—A study protocol
(PLoS ONE, 2022)Background. Psychotic disorders contribute to significant morbidity and mortality partly due to the chronicity of the illness and high relapse rates. Delivering psycho-education messages about disease etiology, their signs ... -
Feasibility of virtual reality based training for optimising COVID-19 case handling in Uganda
(BMC Medical Education, 2022)Background: Epidemics and pandemics are causing high morbidity and mortality on a still-evolving scale exemplifed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection prevention and control (IPC) training for frontline health workers is ... -
Gastrointestinal cryptococcoma – Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or cryptococcal relapse in a patient with AIDS?
(Elsevier, 2015)The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to unusual paradoxical and unmasking presentations of opportunistic infections. Intra-abdominal cryptococcosis is a rare manifestation of Cryptococcus. We present ... -
Growing older with HIV in the treat-all era
(Wiley, 2022)One of the most impactful global public health interventions of modern times has been antiretroviral therapy (ART). This has led to reduced HIV transmission; reduced morbidity from opportunistic infections; and dramatically ... -
Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Rwanda
(Oxford University Press, 2015)Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) are significant global public health challenges with health care workers (HCWs) at especially high risk of exposure in resource-poor settings. We aimed to measure HBV and ... -
Impaired renal function and associated risk factors in newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Gulu Hospital, Northern Uganda
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Screening for renal diseases should be performed at the time of diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Despite the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Northern Uganda, little is known about the ... -
Implementing screening for hypertension in archetypal HIV primary care: a mixed-methods assessment
(BMC, 2022)Background: High prevalence of HIV and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa puts adults living with HIV (ALWH) at high risk of end-organ complications. Both World Health Organization (WHO) and national guidelines recommend ... -
Improving the Sensitivity of the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay on sputum pellets by decreasing the amount of added sample reagent: a laboratory and clinical evaluation
(American Society for Microbiology, 2015)The Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert) assay permits rapid near-patient detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum; however, the test sensitivity remains suboptimal in paucibacillary specimens that are negative for acid-fast ... -
Increased prevalence of pregnancy and comparative risk of program attrition among individuals starting HIV treatment in East Africa
(PLoS ONE, 2018)Background The World Health Organization now recommends initiating all pregnant women on life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet there is limited information about the characteristics and program outcomes of pregnant ... -
Longer-term effectiveness of protease-inhibitor-based second line antiretroviral therapy in four large sub-Saharan African clinics
(Elsevier, 2019)Objectives: Data on the longer-term effectiveness of second line combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are lacking. We sought to assess the probability and determinants of 2nd line ART ...