Browsing by Title

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    100-bed rural hospitals, 1965-1967
    ( 1965) Buganda Government
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    The 14-day incidence and risk factors of gastrointestinal anastomotic leak among adult patients in Mulago Hospital, a prospective cohort study
    (Makerere University, 2025) Omare, Isaac
    Background: Anastomotic leak is one of the most feared complications following gastrointestinal (GI) anastomotic surgery. It increases morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing GI surgery. Globally, the frequency of anastomotic leak varies depending upon the tissue that is being anastomosed. Higher incidences of anastomotic leak up to 36.5% have been reported in Low- and Middle-income countries compared to the lower rates of less than 10% in Higher income countries for small and large bowel anastomoses. Despite the burden, the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal surgery are not well defined in Uganda. Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal surgery at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 85 adult patients admitted to the general surgery wards of MNRH 24 hours following gastrointestinal surgery. Independent variables including preoperative anemia, preoperative albumin level, and ASA status were recorded on entry, while the dependent variable (anastomotic leak) was obtained upon 14 day’s follow- up. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors for anastomotic leak, p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 85 participants recruited, 7 (8.2%) developed anastomotic leak during the 14 day follow up. Hemoglobin level less than 10 g/dl (RR, 8.15; 95% C.I, 1.16 - 57.48; p=0.035) was identified as independent risk factor for anastomotic leak after multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounders. Conclusion: The incidence of anastomotic leak in Mulago National Referral Hospital was low, (8.2%). Low Hb (Hb<10g/dl) was the only statistically significant predictor variable of gastrointestinal anastomotic leak in this study.
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    1890 Captain (Later Load) Lugard a representative of the chartered Company.
    ( 1890) Makerere University.
    It is a photograph taken of 1890 Captain (later Load) Lugard, a representative of the chartered Company, the I.B.E.A. Co., set up a camp and built a fort on the Small hill called Kampala.
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    22test title
    ( 2025) 22test, today
    22 test abstract. jjdjdjd.
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    30 day in-hospital patient mortality after ICU discharge and associated factors : a retrospective cohort study in selected tertiary hospitals in Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2021-01-25) Nantongo, Betty
    Background: Intensive care medicine is rapidly growing because critical illness is a major component of the global burden of disease especially in LMICs. We retrospectively evaluated the 30 day In-hospital patient mortality after ICU discharge and associated factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre Cohort study on all patients that were discharged alive from the ICU at three tertiary hospitals in Kampala- Uganda, patient records discharged between January 2018 to December 2019 were reviewed during their hospital stay to fill the data extraction tool and followed up. In-hospital mortality after ICU discharge as primary outcome. Results: In total 711 patients were included with mean age of 42 years and 56.4% were male. A total of 106/711 patients died after ICU discharge giving a mortality of 14.9% (95% CI: 12.4-17.7). Most (86/711) patients died within the first 20 days with a 0.802 survival probability and were mostly above 40 years. The median number of hospital stay after ICU discharge 7 days (IQR: 5-11). Multivariate analysis identified presence of comorbidities, Respiratory disorder at ICU admission and GIT disorder at ICU admission and inotropic/vasopressor support to be associated with patient mortality after ICU discharge while Tracheostomy placement was found to be protective. Conclusion: The 30-day in hospital patient mortality rate after ICU discharge was high compared to that in high income countries. Most in-hospital patient deaths after ICU discharge occurred during the first 20 days. A prospective study is needed to further explore In-hospital patient mortality after ICU discharge and associated factors.
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    A 3d basin modelling approach to the assessment of hydrocarbon potential of Lake Edward basin, western Uganda
    (Makerere University., 2023-09-06) Atwebembeire, Conscent
    Lake Edward basin is a rift basin located in the extreme south of the Ugandan portion of the western arm of the East African Rift System (EARS), popularly known as the Albertine Graben. 3D basin modelling approach was applied to Lake Edward basin with the objective of gaining an understanding of its hydrocarbon potential. The approach utilized 2D Seismic data, well data, geochemical data and well completion reports from Lake Edward basin. 2D seismic data were integrated with well log data to define stratigraphic framework of the basin, onto which heat flow and geochemical characterization was undertaken to establish the possible potential source rocks of the basin. The integrated 3D basin modelling revealed the burial history, including the development of potential entrapment and source rock maturation. The major structures responsible for the hydrocarbon migration and entrapment in the field as interpreted are fault structures especially tilted faults blocks and normal faults. PetroMod software (version 2018.2) produced hydrocarbon maturation and generation model of the Lake Edward basin. The model shows that the source rock, Lower Ngaji Formation is currently at temperatures between 50oC-80oC. According to the model, the source rock, Lower Ngaji with typical characteristics of a mixture of Type II and III kerogen is immature with respect to petroleum generation. The research has provided a better understanding of key controls on hydrocarbon potential of Lake Edward basin and has enhanced the understanding of the timing and extent of hydrocarbon generation in Lake Edward basin and so the petroleum exploration risk can be potentially reduced This is useful for the oil and gas industry in the country as the findings are helpful in setting the next drilling phase of future exploration activities.
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    A computerized maintenance management system for real-time monitoring of medical equipment under the Ministry of Health, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Ssebuliba, Kato Hussein
    The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical importance of efficient healthcare service delivery, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Uganda. Amid the surge in demand for healthcare services, the Ministry of Health faced significant challenges in managing medical equipment due to the lack of a centralized system for tracking equipment status and performance. The reliance on outdated, paper-based systems exacerbated delays, inefficiencies, and poor resource allocation, underscoring the urgency for a more robust solution. This research addressed this gap by developing a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) tailored to the needs of Uganda’s healthcare system, focusing on real-time monitoring and management of forty (40) Digital X-ray machines across public health facilities. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining stakeholder consultations, system requirement gathering, and iterative system design. Quantitative data was collected through system performance tests in different network environments, while qualitative insights were obtained from focus group discussions with hospital administrators, radiographers, and biomedical engineers. The CMMS was designed to integrate Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication for real-time data acquisition, alert management, and maintenance scheduling. The system was evaluated for usability, functionality, and effectiveness in tracking equipment status and downtime. Key findings indicate that the CMMS significantly reduced equipment downtime by facilitating prompt fault reporting and maintenance interventions. Data transmission delays were minimal in urban settings (2-5 seconds), although rural facilities experienced longer delays (up to 50 seconds) due to network limitations. User feedback provided the system’s intuitive dashboard and enhanced decision-making capabilities. Overall, the CMMS demonstrated the potential to streamline maintenance operations and strengthen healthcare service delivery.
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    A critical analysis of the law regulating motor vehicle insurance (third party risks) settlements to accident victims in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Kanwagi, Stephen
    This study critically examines the effectiveness of Uganda’s Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party risks) Act Cap 193 legal framework in indemnifying accident victims. Using a qualitative research design, the study employed purposive and random sampling to gather data from policyholders, insurance regulators, accident victims, and insurers within the Kampala Metropolitan Area. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns, challenges, and best practices. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality were strictly observed throughout the research process. The findings reveal systemic faults in Uganda’s Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party risks) Act (MTPA) legal regime, including the law being outdated, low public awareness, inadequate compensation limits, delays in claims processing, and poor enforcement mechanisms of compulsory insurance requirements. The study also highlights gaps in coordination between regulatory institutions and the prevalence of fraudulent activities, which undermine efficacy and public confidence. Comparatively, regional and international models such as the COMESA Yellow Card and European Green Card systems demonstrate stronger enforcement, digital integration, and higher payout ceilings, offering useful lessons for Uganda. The research finds that Uganda’s MTPI framework, though well-intentioned, requires immediate reform to achieve its primary objectives of timely and fair victim compensation. Key recommendations include amending Cap 193 to streamline the claims process, raise compensation limits, integrating ICT in claims management, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, including all vehicles in the MTP system and improving sensitisation on MTPI rights and procedures. Such measures would align Uganda’s legal framework with global best practices, promoting transparency, efficiency, and access to justice for accident victims. Therefore, while MTPI is vital for road safety and accident victim protection, its current inefficiencies require a multifaceted approach involving legal reforms, public education, technological advancements, and more vigorous enforcement to enhance its effectiveness. Keywords: Motor vehicle insurance
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    A critical analysis of the legal and policy framework governing safe shelters in Uganda for gender based violence survivors
    (Makerere University, 2025) Bogere, Racheal
    Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major global concern with extensive and long-lasting effects. This challenge necessitates that safe shelters should be established and maintained to support GBV survivors. While international, regional, and Uganda’s legal frameworks recognize the need to protect GBV survivors, the nature and extent of state obligations regarding safe shelters for GBV survivors remains largely obscure. This study analyzes Uganda’s legal framework relating to safe shelters for GBV survivors. Using qualitative research methods including interviews and fieldwork in Kiryandongo District in February 2025, the study draws on the Human Rights-Based Approach and Gender Theory to examine survivors' lived realities, state obligations and structural barriers. The study found that Uganda’s current legal framework does not provide for an explicit right to safe shelters for survivors of GBV nor does it entrench an autonomous legal framework on the same, leaving survivors reliant on underfunded, unregulated facilities typically run by Non-Governmental Organizations. The study also compared Uganda to South Africa and Rwanda and found that although both South Africa and Rwanda do not have an explicit legal provision on safe shelters for GBV survivors, South Africa and Rwanda have developed more coordinated and better-resourced institutional responses than Uganda due to their political will, policy coherence, and public funding. The study also found that the major barriers which impede the establishment and accessibility of safe shelters are inter-connected and they include poverty, cultural stigma, corruption and language challenges. The study concludes that the absence of a clear legal mandate is the primary barrier to consistent and quality shelter provision. Legal reform alone, however, is insufficient without broader institutional commitment and public engagement. The study recommends enacting a Safe Shelters for GBV Survivors Act, harmonizing existing laws, establishing a specialized Safe Shelter Services Unit, and implementing a national awareness campaign. It also urges the integration of best practices from South Africa and Rwanda. Keywords: Legal and policy framework governing safe shelters
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    A glossary of hundred unique words and expressions spoken by Ugandans
    (Makerere University, 2025) Kantono, Immaculate
    This work is about a compilation of a glossary of 100 English terms and expressions unique to Ugandans providing us with their explanations and usage. The glossary of words will have their own meaning. Each word will have its own meaning and examples will also be provided for each word. All the words will be explained accordingly. Most Ugandans use unique words and expressions in their lives. Uglish is a blend of English and Luganda words that reflects Ugandan culture and trends. All words in this text will have the standard dictionary meaning; followed by the meaning of Ugandan users. In addition, each word will have a source where the word has been got. The introduction precedes the glossary. After the glossary, provide references, sources where the terms and expressions have come from. This book was written for students, teachers and other people in Uganda to help them learn English better. Each word has been categorized into different categories like category of religious terminology, high school category, category of phones and telecommunication.
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    A model for predicting transformer failure tendencies on 132 kilovolts power network in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Mutumba, Moses Nsereko
    Uganda’s 132 kV transmission network has experienced increasingly frequent and costly power transformer failures, often occurring without warning and leading to cascaded outages, extended downtime, and significant corrective maintenance expenses. The prevailing asset management framework remains largely reactive, lacking an effective condition-based monitoring and predictive maintenance strategy. This study was thus motivated by the need to develop a robust prediction tool capable of identifying transformers approaching critical degradation, minimizing unexpected failures, and guiding timely replacement decisions based on actual transformer health rather than age alone. To achieve this, the study set out to: (i) identify key operational parameters influencing 132 kV transformer failure, (ii) develop a predictive model for degradation under diverse stochastic and loading environments, (iii) validate the model’s accuracy, and (iv) derive a cost-effective replacement strategy. Using a quantitative research approach, historical condition-based monitoring data for 30 transformers across selected substations was collected over a 23-year period. A hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization–Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (PSO-ANFIS) model was developed to predict transformer degradation trends using key condition variables such as breakdown voltage (BDV), moisture content, acidity, interfacial tension (IFT), and dissolved gas analysis (DGA) parameters. Model performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The PSO-ANFIS model consistently outperformed the traditional ANFIS across all parameters, with average improvements of 25–35% in accuracy. For BDV, the PSOANFIS achieved an RMSE of 1.75, MAE of 1.42, and MAPE of 5.4%, compared to ANFIS values of 2.35, 1.89, and 7.2%, respectively. Similar improvements were observed for other indicators—moisture (MAPE 4.7% vs. 6.8%), acidity (5.2% vs. 8.5%), and key DGA gases (average MAPE 5.5% vs. 8.4%). The results showed that the PSO-ANFIS model significantly improved prediction accuracy, enabling early identification of asymptomatic transformers and supporting a proactive, cost-efficient replacement strategy tailored to the Ugandan grid. The study’s findings present an important step toward modernizing transformer asset management using intelligent prediction models.
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    A numerical solution to an optimal control of fractional order diffusion problem
    (Makerere University, 2025) Aliniitwe, Abel
    In this study, we present a practical numerical approach for solving a fractional-order diffusion problem, and extend it to address the optimality system of a fractional-order diffusion problem. The methodology involves numerical analysis of the solution to the optimal control problem within a fractional diffusion system. We utilize a finite difference method on a bounded domain, considering the fractional time derivative in a Riemann–Liouville sense. The discretisation of both state and adjoint equations forms the basis for developing numerical algorithms. The obtained results are then analysed, including an examination of convergence properties and stability under different conditions. To illustrate the applicability of our approach, we provide a numerical example. This example serves as a practical demonstration, showcasing the capabilities and insights offered by our numerical scheme.
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    A phenomenological study of premarital counselling experiences and challenges among married Christians in Rubaga Division, Kampala, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Komuhangi, Charlotte
    Premarital counselling is widely promoted in Christian communities as essential preparation for marriage. However, its ability to address the practical, emotional, and relational demands of modern married life remains underexplored, especially within the Ugandan context. This study examined the premarital counselling experiences and challenges among married Christians in Rubaga Division using an interpretive phenomenological design. This study was guided by the following research questions: What are the perceptions about premarital counselling among married Christians in Rubaga?, What are the marital experiences of married Christians who have gone through premarital counselling?, What are the opinions of married Christians in Rubaga division on what can be done to improve premarital counselling?. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 married individuals and two focus group discussions of six participants each, selected through purposive sampling, and were analysed thematically. Five major themes emerged: premarital counselling is necessary, premarital counselling is misunderstood, premarital counselling is valuable but insufficient, faith and spiritual practices as anchors in marriage, Professionalizing Premarital Counselling in Church, and Holistic and Contextual Premarital Counselling Content. The findings reveal that while premarital counselling is viewed as spiritually enriching, it often fails to equip couples for real-life marital demands. The study concludes that church-based premarital counselling should be professionalized, extended in duration, and incorporate culturally grounded, gender-sensitive, and psychosocial content to strengthen emotional and relational resilience in Christian marriages.
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    A predictive model for estimating students’ final cumulative GPA at graduation a case study of Makerere University
    (Makerere University, 2025) Oluka, Tony
    Accurate prediction of students’ final Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) at graduation is crucial for identifying at-risk students and improving academic outcomes. This study focuses on developing a predictive model for estimating CGPA/Degree Class using machine learning techniques, leveraging a dataset of over 2500 records collected from Makerere University graduates. The dataset encompasses academic performance, demographic details, and socioeconomic factors, mapped to official university records to ensure accuracy and credibility. Multiple machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting Classifier, and Random Forest Classifier, Dummy Classifier, Extra Trees Classifier, Neural Network MLPClassifier and Decision Tree Classifier were evaluated across three training-test splits (80/20, 75/25, and 70/30). Gradient Boosting Classifier emerged as the best-performing model, achieving consistent accuracy of approximately 84.7% and demonstrating robustness and interpretability. Feature importance analysis highlighted prior academic performance, students behaviour, and Alevel Year as the most significant predictors of CGPA, aligning with global findings and offering localized insights specific to Makerere University. Despite its contributions, the study faced challenges such as dataset size constraints and limited exploration of interdisciplinary variations. Nonetheless, the results underscore the potential of machine learning in academic performance prediction, providing actionable insights for educational institutions. The findings emphasize the importance of early intervention, targeted support, and data-driven decision-making in improving graduation rates. This research advances predictive analytics in education, offering a scalable framework for institutions. Future work should expand dataset size and include discipline-specific predictors for deeper analysis.
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    A stroke prediction model in imbalanced data: the case of an improved cost function for logistic regression
    (Makerere University, 2025) Luwandagga, Andrew
    The accurate prediction of rare events, such as strokes, is often hindered by class imbalance, where the distribution of observations in the response categorical variable is uneven. In such cases, standard classifiers are biased toward the majority class and perform poorly in identifying minority events. Logistic regression, while widely used, is affected by this limitation, highlighting the need for methods that address class imbalance. This study aimed to compare the performance of the Binary Logistic Regression, balanced logistic regression, and the Grid Search Regularized Weighted Logistic Regression (GSRWLR) models, which integrate class weighting, L2 regularization, and grid search for hyperparameter tuning, using 5,110 records from Kaggle's Stroke Prediction Dataset (2020). Findings revealed that the Binary Logistic regression model had poor sensitivity (1.33%), identifying only one stroke case; the balanced logistic regression improved to 77.33%. GSRWLR further enhanced recall to 93.33%, though Area Under Curve-Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) values were similar across models (≈0.83), indicating comparable overall classification ability. GSRWLR demonstrated superior performance in identifying rare events. Age, heart disease, average glucose level, and hypertension were identified as key predictors of stroke. Conclusions from the study suggest that optimizing logistic regression with regularization, class weighting, and grid search significantly improves stroke prediction in imbalanced datasets. Health systems could utilize Grid Search Regularized Weighted Logistic Regression to enhance the detection of stroke, particularly in under-resourced environments such as Ugandan hospitals. Future research should validate the Grid Search Regularized Weighted Logistic Regression model on various stroke datasets, including patient data from Uganda, to improve the generalizability and usefulness of the findings.
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    A.I. and the African woman
    (Suigeneris Publishing House, 2025-01) Lubogo, Zion Margaret ; Lubogo, Mulungi Agatha
    AI and the African Woman: Pioneering Economic Empowerment for a Brighter Future" is a groundbreaking exploration of the transformative power of artificial intelligence (AI) in reshaping the lives of Africa’s most marginalized women. Authored by Zion Margaret Lubogo and Agatha Lubogo, this visionary work challenges traditional narratives, positioning AI not as a privilege of the elite but as a force of empowerment capable of dismantling poverty and driving sustainable development. At its core, the book weaves compelling stories of resilience with cutting-edge technological insights. It highlights real-world applications of AI, from mobile-based microcredit systems that extend financial services to unbanked women, to predictive agricultural models optimizing harvests and minimizing risks for small-scale farmers. In healthcare, AI-driven maternal health innovations are showcased as life-saving tools in areas with scarce medical resources, while personalized education technologies are breaking down literacy barriers and creating new learning pathways tailored to the unique needs of women and girls. This book goes beyond technology; it delves into the ethical, cultural, and societal implications of AI adoption. It poses profound questions about inclusivity, governance, and the potential risks of deepening inequality if AI is not deployed responsibly. The authors offer actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, technology developers, and financial institutions, advocating for a collaborative approach to AI that places humanity and equality at the center. "AI and the African Woman" is a call to action—a beacon of possibility for a future where every woman, regardless of her socioeconomic background, can harness technology to build a life of dignity, independence, and opportunity. Rich in research, captivating in narrative, and profound in its vision, this book is an essential read for anyone committed to a more inclusive, equitable, and empowered Africa.
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    Abaana bato turi ndangaro
    ( 2010-06-04) Tusasirwe, Molly
    The song talks about Ndangaro Primary School.
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    Abafumbo mwebare
    ( 2010-08-17) Tibenderana, Frank
    The song congratulates the married people for the perseverance within their relationships.
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    Abakristo Mwena Musiime Ruranga
    ( 2010-06-12) Mugisha, Allen
    The song is about Christians and how they should trust in God.
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    Abakunda Yesu Nimwite
    ( 2010-06-16) Milton, Owakubariho
    The song talks about the life of Jesus from birth to resurrection.