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ItemConstruction monitoring and supervision of Kabaale-Kiziranfumbi road section (25Km)(Makerere University, 2026-08-13)This Project Report describes the author's involvement during the Construction Monitoring and Supervision of Kabaale-Kiziramfumbi road section (25km). The main project objective was to upgrade the existing gravel road to a class II bituminous paved standard, to increase mobility, reduce road user costs, and improve the level of service of the road. The road is funded by Government of Uganda and the EXIM bank of China where by GOU covers 20% and EXIM bank covers 80%. The Project cost is UGX 595,736,808,038- Revised (Including 18% VAT) for the construction under Design and Build Contract of Masindi-Biiso (47Km), Kabaale–Kiziranfumbi (25Km) and Hohwa–Nyairongo–Kyarushesha–Butole (25Km) roads totaling to 97Km under Package 5 of Critical oil roads. The Construction Works Contract was signed between UNRA and the Contractor China Railway Seventh Group Co. Ltd (CRSG) on 26th March 2019 and commencement date for the Works Contract was 25th April 2019, for duration of 36 months and 24 months of Defects Liability Period. The revised contract period including EOT No. 02 to No. 07 and the original completion date was 27th, April 2022. The revised Time for Completion including EOT No. 02 to No. 12 is 2594 days. The last EOT granted to the Contractor was the EOT of 101 days granted in May 2026 under EOT Claim No. 12 that brought the revised completion date of the project from 20th February 2026 to 1st June 2026 The road is a class II, paved with Asphalt Concrete, with a right of way of 50m and a design speed of 70km/hr in rural and 50km/hr in urban areas. The design life of the road is estimated at 20 years. The carriage way width is at 7m (2lanes/3.5m each from center), with a minimum cross fall of 2.5% to provide for adequate drainage of water from the carriage way and complies with the design standards. The works will also include drainage works, includeding adequate road side drainage (concrete and stone pitching), cross culverts, road furniture and speed calming measures in Trading Centers associated preliminary works (road marking and installation of sign posts), Environmental, Health and Safety concerns. Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) awarded a contract for the Consultancy Services for Construction Supervision to Net Consult Consulting Engineers and Architects Plc. (Ethiopia) in Joint Venture with Stadia Engineering Works Consult Plc.(Ethiopia) and KKATT Consult Ltd. (Uganda) and the services commenced on 3rd May 2019. The original completion date for Consultancy Services Construction Supervision was 02nd May 2022. The amount of service is UGX 12,641,454,625 (Uganda Shillings), Inclusive of 18% VAT and Other Taxes. The revised completion period expired on 31st July 2023, the services contract was later extended and completed on 8th November 2025 after which the Ministry of Works and Transport Construction Supervision Unit (MoWT-CSU) took over supervision of the works from 9th November, 2025. The Author was attached on the project as a Graduate Engineer resident on site working hand in hand with the supervision consultant under the guidance and supervision of the Employers Project Engineer. I routinely supervised monitored the construction activities works in line with standards and specifications and project plans to ensure full compliance with all contractual requirements. I participated in most project activities and handled also specific tasks assigned by the project Engineer and Contract Manager concerning Design, site management and Construction Supervision. During the construction stage of the project, I participated in resource monitoring and control, quality management, compilation of quantity of work delivered by the contractor, reviewing the contractor’s work program, IPCs and Environmental, Social and Safety safeguards. The major challenges encountered on this project included the followings; Delayed handover of the entire project site to the Contractor due to land compensation challenges in some sections; This was mitigated through the continuous engagement of landlords to allow access to the Contractor as the employer was resolving compensation issues; and appropriately planning for activities and maximize production on the available work sections. Abnormal rains that frequently interfered with the work; Which was mitigated by re-programming for major works to be executed during the dry season and advising the contractor to protect all the finished sections from being washed away by heavy rains. Delayed payments to the contractor which affected the contractor’s cash flows; This was mitigated by preparing cash flow projections in addition to advising management to prioritize payment in a bid to avoid financing charges by the Contractor. Inadequate equipment mobilisation by the contractor and absence of an Updated Work Program agreed upon by the parties to the contract; and was mitigated by revising a realistic work program based on EOT granted with increased resources and catch-up plan. Slow progress of CRR aggregate crushing for Kabaale- Kiziranfumbi section; which was mitigated by increasing productivity with additional resource inputs. Failure by the contractor to construct the base course layer as specified (sections of work are reworked more than 3 times before they are completed); this was mitigated by conducting regular (weekly) site inspections and technical meetings by the project Management team to closely monitor the construction works on regular basis and identify risks and develop mitigation measures timely; and ensure compliance with specifications and standards. In the course of the project monitoring, I also learnt that conducting regular (weekly) technical meetings is key during the project execution as it helps to closely monitor the construction works on regular basis and identify risks timely and developed mitigation measures timely. I learnt that it’s paramount to have land available in advance of the commencement of civil works. I have learnt that continuous engagements of stakeholders and PAPS are vital to successful project delivery as it update them on the progress of the compensation, grievances redress mechanism, improvement of communication channel, reduce misinformation and keep them updated about the project risk, time and progress. I also learnt that having the revised work program and issuing a timely instruction to the contractor saves on the delays leading to avoiding time and cost overruns. During the project monitoring, I have acquired the following skills; identifying risk and seeking mitigation measures at early stage, Stakeholders’ management, site management skills and techniques, Construction supervision for road construction works, Reporting and documentation, improved communication skills and management of cross cutting issues. Basing on the lessons learnt, I recommend that advance planning should be done on the proposed projects so that the right of way required can be obtained, thus will reduce on the cost overruns that come in claims and extension of time. In conclusion, the construction of the Kabaale-Kiziranfumbi road project (25Km) was successfully executed in accordance with the contract requirements; and was substantially completed and is now opened for traffic.
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ItemArbitration as an effective mechanism for resolving land disputes in Uganda: a comparative Analysis(Makerere University, 2026)Land disputes represent a critical challenge to property rights, social stability, and economic development in Uganda, affecting approximately 33% of landholding households and imposing estimated economic costs of 5–11% of agricultural Gross domestic product annually. Despite the existence of a comprehensive legal framework for arbitration under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act (Cap. 5), and arbitration's demonstrated effectiveness in Uganda's commercial, construction, and oil and gas sectors, its application to land dispute resolution remains minimal. This study investigated the structural and institutional barriers to arbitration adoption in land disputes and assessed arbitration's potential effectiveness as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in Uganda. The study employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, combining documentary analysis of legal frameworks, policy documents, and institutional reports with in-depth qualitative interviews, direct observation of dispute resolution proceedings, and a structured quantitative survey of 55 participants drawn from across Uganda's four major regions. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo 14, while quantitative data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using SPSS 28, including ANOVA, chi-square tests, and correlation analysis. The findings revealed multiple interconnected barriers preventing arbitration adoption. Economic barriers were most pervasive, with arbitration costs – estimated at Uganda Shillings 2–4 million for standard proceedings – placing services beyond the reach of the majority of rural landholders. Institutional barriers included limited arbitrator expertise in land law and tenure systems, the geographic concentration of arbitration services in urban centres, and inadequate coordination with existing dispute resolution mechanisms. Legal framework gaps – particularly the absence of land-specific arbitration procedures – and cultural preferences for public, community-based resolution processes further constrained adoption. Notwithstanding these barriers, comparative analysis demonstrated arbitration's significant advantages: resolution averaged six months compared to 42 months through court litigation, and stakeholders broadly acknowledged arbitration's potential, with 63.6% viewing it as suitable for certain land dispute categories. The study's primary output is the Integrated Arbitration Development Framework (IADF), a structured, evidence-based model for institutionalising arbitration within Uganda's land governance system. The framework is organised around four interdependent pillars: legal and regulatory reform, capacity development and professionalisation, institutional infrastructure and accessibility, and quality assurance and public awareness. Key recommendations include amending the Arbitration and Conciliation Act to address land-specific matters, establishing regional arbitration centres, developing a national register of certified land arbitrators with specialised training in land tenure and customary law, integrating arbitration into court referral systems, and implementing public education campaigns to build awareness and trust. This research concludes that arbitration holds considerable, largely unrealised potential for improving land dispute resolution in Uganda. Realising this potential requires coordinated, simultaneous action across legal, institutional, economic, and cultural dimensions rather than piecemeal reform.
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ItemField report on the proposed URF/PPDA head office development on plot 39 Nakasero road, Kampala(Makerere University, 2020)This report contains construction and project management practices that the author participated in as Clerk of works/resident Engineer during the construction of Uganda Road Fund/Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets head office on Nakasero road in Kampala district. Chapter One; lays out an introduction of the project, aims of the project, objectives of the report, discusses the project back ground, project description, funders, consultants, Government advisor, contractor, project organization chart, and project scope. This chapter also discusses the author’s involvement on the project. The project was construction of a nine storey office block with three basement parking levels for URF/PPDA head office on Nakasero road in Kampala district. Chapter Two; discusses the project implementation and construction methodologies, introduction, contract and documents, work program and mobilization schedule, contractor’s establishment, execution of works. It discusses the project planning, mobilization and execution construction phases, methods and methodologies. Chapter Three is a discussion of the project management practices used during implementation and administration of the contract, introduction, project scope management, project cost management, financial forecast and appraisals, project time management, project quality management, site inspection and meetings, dispute and dispute resolutions, communication, cooperation and consultation, stake holders and contract details. Chapter Four; gives a general conclusion on the project occupation health and safety, health and safety considerations, regulations and standards, health, safety and environmental plan. Chapter Five; this chapter gives a briefing on the project benefits. Chapter Six; This Chapter discusses some challenges and how they were overcome, lessons learnt, conclusions and recommendations.
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ItemThe role of Spatial Planning in Managing Peri-Urban Spatial Land use Conflicts in Uganda; a case study of Goma Division in Mukono Municipality.(Makerere University, 2026)Land use conflicts present significant challenges to sustainable development particularly in rapidly urbanising peri-urban areas. Spatial planning is a critical tool in managing these land use conflicts by promoting orderly land use, balancing stakeholder interests and ensuring sustainable land management. This study assessed the role of spatial planning in managing spatially manifested land use conflicts in Goma Division, Mukono Municipality. A mixed-methods study design was adopted, integrating quantitative household surveys with qualitative interviews and spatial data analysis. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to identify the spatial patterns of existing land use conflicts, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 26) was employed to analyse quantitative data and qualitative data was thematically analysed. A total of one hundred (100) land-users and forty-one (41) local and institutional actors were interviewed to capture their lived experiences regarding the nature, causes and existing spatial planning methods for the management of land use conflicts. Key findings revealed that 53% of respondents had experienced land use conflicts, primarily resulting from rapid urbanisation and population growth (82%), poor enforcement of land use regulations (56%) and gaps in spatial planning interventions (23%). Spatial analysis confirmed that conflicts were concentrated in areas undergoing unregulated development. Although detailed physical development plans exist for some wards such as Bukerere and Misindye, their implementation remains weak due to limited institutional capacity, inadequate enforcement, and limited stakeholder participation. The study’s analysis showed that institutional fragmentation between planning authorities, local councils, and landowners has weakened coordination, while insufficient community involvement has reduced compliance with zoning and planning standards. The disconnect between formal plans and actual land-use practices continues to fuel peri-urban land use conflicts. The findings also highlighted the potential of participatory spatial planning when coupled with locally informed decision-making to mitigate land use conflicts and promote sustainable land use. The study concluded that spatial planning in Goma Division has yet to realize its full potential as a proactive land use conflict management tool. To harness spatial planning as a land use conflict management tool, there is a need to enforce detailed plans, strengthen institutional capacity and promote participatory planning to balance competing land interests and minimise ensuing land use conflicts.
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ItemAssessing the performance of Community based management in the Operation and maintance of Boreholes. a case study of Moyo District.(Makerere University, 2024-08-20)The Performance Assessment of the Community Based Management is as a result of the conventional wisdom in policy circles that it is inappropriate to simply respond to people‟s need for easy access to safe water without considering consequences to sustainability and improved health. A simple “supply driven approach” is able to meet the needs of the rural masses in a speedy manner, but the users lack a sense of responsibility for the management of the water points (DeGabriele, 2002). In addition, the authors experience with hundreds of water user groups for over two years in Moyo in regards to the management of the water points. The challenge, therefore, is to assess the models‟ effect on sustainability in terms of operations and maintenance. A case study from Moyo District. The Performance Assessment used the existing data from the Water supply Database of Moyo District for point sources as a benchmark for updating the water sources inventory herein used for analysis. This database was redeveloped into a situational based database of the District. The Performance Assessment project entailed; making physical visits to all 1 point water sources, data collection, data validation, analysis and presentation through the use tables, graphs and figures. These updates mainly comprised of in-depth information such as georeferenced locations, year of construction, source of funding, ownership, current management and operational status of the point water sources.